Hammer union seals are essential elastomeric components in hammer unions (Weco-style quick-connect fittings) used for high-pressure temporary pipelines in the oil and gas industry. These unions enable fast assembly/disassembly without threads, rated from 1,000 to 20,000 psi across figures like 100 (low-pressure), 206/602 (standard), 1002/1502 (high-pressure sour gas), and 2202 (extreme). Seals, typically lip-type or O-rings with anti-extrusion rings (brass/stainless), provide leak-proof sealing in hammer lug connections.
Why Critical? In drilling, fracking, and flowback ops, seal failure causes leaks, blowouts, or H2S exposure, risking lives and environment. Incompatibilities between manufacturers led to API Spec 7HU2 standardizing dimensions, materials, and interchangeability for safety. Seals endure abrasion, hammering, chemicals, and pressures up to 22,500 psi test.
Key Features & Testing:
Design: Lip seals snap into grooves; prevent fallout. Some reinforced for anti-extrusion.
RGD Resistance: Critical for gas service; compounds resist explosive decompression via NORSOK M-710-like tests (cycles at high pressure/temperature).
Sour Gas: NACE MR-01-75 compliant for H2S.
Failure Modes: Extrusion, cracking, mismatch; mitigated by proper torque and material selection.
Materials:
NBR (Buna-N, 80-90 Duro): Standard oil/mud, -20°C to 100°C.
FKM (Viton): High-temp/chemicals, up to 200°C, for Fig 1502.
HNBR/HSN: Sour gas/RGD resistant.
PTFE backups for extremes. Sizes 1″-10″.
Applications & Benefits: In manifolds, cementing, choke lines; quick makeup saves rig time. Benefits: Reliable under vibration, cost-effective replacement, enhanced safety via API standardization.
In summary, hammer union seals ensure robust, interchangeable performance in demanding oilfield ops, with advanced materials combating RGD and sour conditions.
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